Transposable Elements: A Toolkit for Stress and Environmental Adaptation in Bacteria
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Abstract
Transposable elements are responsible for a variety of the molecular mechanisms that allow bacteria to thrive in a wide range of environments. Besides generating mutations when they insert in different genomic regions, ectopic recombination between transposable element copies generate genome rearrangements that are also relevant for environmental adaptation. Moreover, transposable elements, among other types of mobile genetic elements, are largely responsible for horizontal gene transfer, which is thought to be the principal source of functional innovation in bacterial evolution. In this chapter, we first review the different types of transposable elements and other mobile genetic elements present in prokaryotes. We then provide several examples from the literature that demonstrate the important role of transposable elements as a genomic toolkit for stress and environmental adaptation in bacteria.
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