Ectopia cordis: A rare congenital anomaly
Clinical Anatomy2014Vol. 27(8), pp. 1193–1199
Citations Over TimeTop 13% of 2014 papers
Abigail Gabriel, Joseph P. Donnelly, Alexander Kuc, Daniel Good, Gabriela Doroș, Petru Matusz, Marios Loukas
Abstract
Ectopia cordis (EC) is a rare congenital anomaly associated with the heart positioned outside of the thoracic cavity either partially or completely. The ectopic heart can be found along a spectrum of anatomical locations, including the cervical, thoracic and abdominal regions and in most cases, it protrudes outside the chest through a split sternum. Although the first case of EC was identified during the early 1600s only 91 cases have been reported since then in the literature. This review will discuss the history and prevalence of EC, its etiology, morphology, presentation and symptoms, complications, diagnosis, treatment and management and prognosis.
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