On‐tissue chemical derivatization reagents for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging By Mira Merdas, Mélanie Lagarrigue, Quentin Vanbellingen, Thierry Umbdenstock, Georges Da Violante and Charles Pineau

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Abstract

Chemical derivatization has been utilized in various forms of mass spectrometry for decades. For example, in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, derivatization has proven an essential tool that allows analysis of the less volatile components within a complex sample. Similarly, derivatization has been used to introduce a charge into specific components thereby enhancing their signal in electrospray analysis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) is an increasingly common technique for the analysis of biological tissues. In MSI the sample remains intact, at least within two dimensions, and the approach provides spatial information on the distribution of analytes within the tissue section. In the Special Feature this month, Charles Pineau and colleagues discuss the application of derivatization strategies for MALDI MSI. As with the more familiar examples mentioned above, on-tissue chemical derivatization (OTCD) can be used to enhance the detection limit of some components within a tissue section and in some instances, the OTCD reagents can also serve as the matrix. There are, however, some significant challenges associated with efficient reaction, analyte delocalization and retention of regional tissue integrity. This review is an exhaustive overview of OTCD reagents and their use in MALDI MSI studies.

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