Trans‐kingdom expression of an insect endogenous microRNA in rice enhances resistance to striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis

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Abstract

Abstract BACKGROUND The striped stem borer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis Walker, is a major pest of rice worldwide. Breeding of transgenic rice expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins is a powerful strategy to control SSB. However, pests may evolve certain resistance to Bt toxins in transgenic plants. Hence, new controlling strategies must be continuously developed. RESULTS We successfully generated SSB‐resistant rice ( csu‐53 ) expressing the artificial microRNA (amiRNA) of SSB endogenous miRNA ( csu‐novel‐miR53 ) through the RNAi‐based technology. Feeding assays demonstrated that csu‐53 rice inhibited larval growth, delayed pupation time, and reduced pupal weight and eclosion rate of SSB larva. In a 10‐day feeding experiment, the miRNA mimic of csu‐novel‐miR53 also suppressed larval growth and more importantly increased larval mortality. Transcriptome analysis identified 28 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) in the midgut between SSB larvae fed on csu‐53 rice and the wild type. One DEG (DN90065_c0_g12) validated by qRT‐PCR had a predicted target site of csu‐novel‐miR53 . In addition, in vitro double‐stranded RNA synthesis and further feeding assay proved that DN90065_c0_g12 is most likely the target of csu‐novel‐miR53 . CONCLUSION amiRNA‐mediated strategy can be applied to the development of insect‐resistant crops, and the novel amiRNA csu‐novel‐miR53 of SSB has important application potential in developing SSB resistant rice. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

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