Evaluation of Increased Local Hydrogen Concentration in the Vicinity of Various Types of Defects in Low-Alloyed Steels

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Abstract

Hydrogen diffusion in metals is determined not only by the hydrogen concentration gradient, but also by the hydrogen flow, which is determined by the hydrostatic stress gradient. Such hydrogen diffusion is a multifactorial problem involving hydrogen diffusion and the stress field. The paper analyses hydrogen diffusion taking into account the stress field for a steel pipe with a crack on the inner surface under internal pressure. On the inner surface of the pipe, the hydrogen concentration, calculated using the volatility of hydrogen molecules, was used as a boundary condition for the hydrogen diffusion equation. The finite element method was used for both hydrogen diffusion and stress analysis. We obtained the hydrogen concentration around the crack tip by varying the magnitude of the internal pressure and the shape of the crack, and investigated the relationship between the maximum hydrogen concentration and the internal hydrogen pressure. A satisfactory correlation between the maximum hydrogen concentration and the pressure was found.

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