Magnetic Targeting, Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Intelligent Nanocatalysts for Enhanced Tumor Ablation

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Abstract

Therapeutic nanosystems which can be triggered by the distinctive tumor microenvironment possess great selectivity and safety to treat cancers via in situ transformation of nontoxic prodrugs into toxic therapeutic agents. Here, we constructed intelligent, magnetic targeting, and tumor microenvironment-responsive nanocatalysts that can acquire oxidation therapy of cancer via specific reaction at tumor site. The magnetic nanoparticle core of iron carbide-glucose oxidase (Fe₅C₂-GOD) achieved by physical absorption has a high enzyme payload, and the manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoshell as an intelligent "gatekeeper" shields GOD from premature leaking until reaching tumor tissue. Fe₅C₂-GOD@MnO₂ nanocatalysts maintained inactive in normal cells upon systemic administration. On the contrary, after endocytosis by tumor cells, tumor acidic microenvironment induced decomposition of MnO₂ nanoshell into Mn2+ and O₂, meanwhile releasing GOD. Mn2+ could serve as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent for real-time monitoring treatment process. Then the generated O₂ and released GOD in nanocatalysts could effectively exhaust glucose in tumor cells, simultaneously generating plenty of H₂O₂ which may accelerate the subsequent Fenton reaction catalyzed by the Fe₅C₂ magnetic core in mildly acidic tumor microenvironments. Finally, we demonstrated the tumor site-specific production of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals for enhanced anticancer therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity in mice.

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