Noninvasive in Vivo Monitoring of the Biofate of 195 kDa Poly(vinyl alcohol) by Multispectral Fluorescence Imaging
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Abstract
A comprehensive knowledge of the in vivo fate of polymers is essential for their potential application in humans. In this study, the body distribution, accumulation, and elimination processes of intraperitoneally (ip) administered poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in mice were investigated in detail. Two derivatives of PVA (195 kDa) having covalently bound fluorescent dye labels were synthesized and used to follow PVA in vivo by noninvasive multispectral fluorescence imaging over several months. Detailed ex vivo fluorescence imaging was performed additionally and combined with tissue accumulation studies using confocal microscopy. Filtration and confocal imaging at appropriate synthetic membranes, used as models for glomerular filtration, confirmed a considerable PVA permeation. This investigation yields new scientific findings about the fate of PVA in vivo. PVA accumulated in fat tissue at high levels, which suggests that PVA is suitable not only for abdominal surgeries but also for controlled release applications after ip or subcutaneous injection.
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