Depth Profiling of Graft Polymer Membranes via Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
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Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy is presented as a novel, quick, and facile technique for obtaining copolymer composition profiles of grafted polymer membranes. The nondestructive method requires only staining the membranes with a fluorescent dye and gives profiles of prepared membranes with high spatial resolution and good signal-to-noise ratio within a few minutes. For demonstration, depth profiles and distribution of graft polymer along the cross section of ETFE-graft-poly(styrene), ETFE-graft-poly(4-vinylpyridine), ETFE-graft-poly(1-vinylimidazole) and FEP-graft-poly(styrene) films, prepared by the electron beam pre-irradiation technique, were determined. Measurements were conducted in reflection mode in the visible region and in fluorescence mode on dry membranes and on membranes stained with rubrene as fluorescent dye. The relative contents of graft polymer as obtained by this method are in good agreement with results from micro-Raman measurements. The presented new method poses an alternative to existing techniques for determining graft penetration profiles.
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