Simultaneous and Stoichiometric Water Oxidation and Cr(VI) Reduction in Aqueous Suspensions of Functionalized Plasmonic Photocatalyst Au/TiO2–Pt under Irradiation of Green Light
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Abstract
Titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) having both small platinum (Pt) nanoparticles and large gold (Au) particles without alloying and nanoparticle coagulation was successfully prepared by the combination of traditional photodeposition of Pt and subsequent Au colloid photodeposition onto TiO2–Pt. The Au/TiO2 and Au/TiO2–Pt samples exhibiting strong photoabsorption due to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of supported Au particles were used for the reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+ in Cr2O72–) in aqueous suspensions under irradiation of visible light from a green light emitting diode (LED). These SPR-type photocatalysts reduced Cr6+ and evolved dioxygen (O2) with O2-reduced Cr6+ ratio of 3:4 until consumption of Cr6+, indicating that these SPR-type photocatalysts had the ability to oxidize water (H2O) utilizing visible light (λ = 540 nm) and that a photocatalytic reaction (2Cr2O72– + 16H+ → 4Cr3+ +3O2 + 8H2O) occurred. The Au/TiO2–Pt sample exhibited a reaction rate about twice larger than that of Pt-free Au/TiO2, and the apparent quantum yield reached 1.0% at 550 nm and 0.47% even at 700 nm, indicating that functionalization of Au/TiO2 was successfully achieved by introduction of a Pt cocatalyst. This reaction can be used as a test reaction for evaluation of O2 evolution ability of photocatalysts because this reaction does not induce irreversible changes in photocatalysts.
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