Exploring Chemical Equilibrium with Poker Chips: A General Chemistry Laboratory Exercise
Journal of Chemical Education2012Vol. 89(6), pp. 759–762
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Abstract
A hands-on laboratory exercise at the general chemistry level introduces students to chemical equilibrium through a simulation that uses poker chips and rate equations. More specifically, the exercise allows students to explore reaction tables, dynamic chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant expressions, and the equilibrium constant based on rate constants. Poker chips are used to simulate the reactants and products of two reversible elementary reactions.
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