Occurrence and Air−Sea Exchange of Phthalates in the Arctic

Citations Over TimeTop 10% of 2007 papers

Abstract

Air and seawater samples were taken simultaneously to investigate the distribution and air-sea gas exchange of phthalates in the Arctic onboard the German Research Ship FS Polarstern. Samples were collected on expeditions ARK XX1&2 from the North Sea to the high Arctic (60 degrees N-85 degrees N) in the summer of 2004. The concentration of sigma6 phthalates (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-i-butyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)) ranged from 30 to 5030 pg L(-1) in the aqueous dissolved phase and from 1110 to 3090 pg m(-3) in the atmospheric gas phase. A decreasing latitudinal trend was present in the seawater and to a lesser degree in the atmosphere from the Norwegian coast to the high Arctic. Overall, deposition dominated the air-sea gas exchange for DEHP, while volatilization from seawater took place in the near-coast environment. The estimated net gas deposition of DEHP was 5, 30, and 190 t year(-1) for the Norwegian Sea, the Greenland Sea, and the Arctic, respectively. This suggests that atmospheric transport and deposition of phthalates is a significant process for their occurrence in the remote Atlantic and Arctic Ocean.

Related Papers

• → Analysis and health risk assessment of phthalate esters (PAEs) in indoor dust of preschool and elementary school centers in city of Tehran, Iran(2021)43 cited
• → Occurrence of phthalate esters in over-the-counter medicines from China and its implications for human exposure(2016)29 cited
• → DETECTION OF MICROPLASTIC RESIDUES- DEVELOPING A METHOD FOR PHTALATES IN HONEY(2021)5 cited
• → Measurement of Phthalates in Settled Dust in University Dormitories and Its Implications for Exposure Assessment(2023)2 cited
• Phthalates levels in soil samples from the E-waste disassembly sites(2010)