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Coastal Iodine Emissions: Part 2. Chamber Experiments of Particle Formation fromLaminaria digitata-Derived and Laboratory-Generated I₂

Environmental Science & Technology2012Vol. 46(19), pp. 10422–10428

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C. Monahan, Enowmbi R. Ashu-Ayem, Udo Nitschke, Steven B. Darby, Paul D. Smith, Dagmar B. Stengel, Dean S. Venables, Colin O’Dowd

Abstract

Laboratory studies into particle formation from Laminaria digitata macroalgae were undertaken to elucidate aerosol formation for a range of I(2) (0.3-76 ppb(v)) and O(3) (<3-96 ppb(v)) mixing ratios and light levels (E(PAR) = 15, 100, and 235 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1)). No clear pattern was observed for I(2) or aerosol parameters as a function of light levels. Aerosol mass fluxes and particle number concentrations, were, however, correlated with I(2) mixing ratios for low O(3) mixing ratios of <3 ppb(v) (R(2) = 0.7 and 0.83, respectively for low light levels, and R(2) = 0.95 and 0.98, respectively for medium light levels). Additional experiments into particle production as a function of laboratory-generated I(2), over a mixing ratio range of 1-8 ppb(v), were conducted under moderate O(3) mixing ratios (∼24 ppb(v)) where a clear, 100-fold or greater, increase in the aerosol number concentrations and mass fluxes was observed compared to the low O(3) experiments. A linear relationship between particle concentration and I(2) was found, in reasonable agreement with previous studies. Scaling the laboratory relationship to aerosol concentrations typical of the coastal boundary layer suggests a I(2) mixing ratio range of 6-93 ppt(v) can account for the observed particle production events. Aerosol number concentration produced from I(2) is more than a factor of 10 higher than that produced from CH(2)I(2) for the same mixing ratios.

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Abstract

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