A Demand-Centered, Hybrid Life-Cycle Methodology for City-Scale Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Citations Over TimeTop 10% of 2008 papers
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting for individual cities is confounded by spatial scale and boundary effects that impact the allocation of regional material and energy flows. This paper develops a demand-centered, hybrid life-cycle-based methodology for conducting city-scale GHG inventories that incorporates (1) spatial allocation of surface and airline travel across colocated cities in larger metropolitan regions, and, (2) life-cycle assessment (LCA) to quantify the embodied energy of key urban materials--food, water, fuel, and concrete. The hybrid methodology enables cities to separately report the GHG impact associated with direct end-use of energy by cities (consistent with EPA and IPCC methods), as well as the impact of extra-boundary activities such as air travel and production of key urban materials (consistent with Scope 3 protocols recommended by the World Resources Institute). Application of this hybrid methodology to Denver, Colorado, yielded a more holistic GHG inventory that approaches a GHG footprint computation, with consistency of inclusions across spatial scale as well as convergence of city-scale per capita GHG emissions (approximately 25 mt CO2e/person/year) with state and national data. The method is shown to have significant policy impacts, and also demonstrates the utility of benchmarks in understanding energy use in various city sectors.
Related Papers
- → The carbon footprint of buildings: A review of methodologies and applications(2018)333 cited
- → From Emissions to Environmental Impact: Understanding the Carbon Footprint(2023)19 cited
- → The Effects of the Covid-19 Period on Carbon Footprint in Sakarya University Esentepe Campus(2023)4 cited
- → An Analysis Of The Carbon Footprint In Maritime Transport: Challenges And Opportunities For Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions(2023)2 cited
- → Visualizing carbon footprint from school meals(2017)4 cited