Chromophoric self-assembled NLO multilayer materials: real time observation of monolayer growth and microstructural evolution by in situ second harmonic generation techniques
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Abstract
The self-assembling adsorption/quaternization of a (dialkylamino)stilbazole nonlinear optical chromophore precursor onto benzyl chloride-prefunctionalized surfaces is studied in situ by polarized second harmonic generation techniques. The measurements reveal that the self-assembly kinetics are approximately biexponential (I2ω1/2 ∼ (1 - α1e-k1t - α2-k2t)) with a rapid initial phase, followed by a slower second phase. The in situ measurements also indicate that the average tilt angle of the chromophore dipole moment direction with respect to the surface normal increases significantly (∼20° → 42°) in the initial phases of chromophore adsorption and then remains nearly constant. These results suggest substantial chromophore-chromophore electrostatic and steric repulsion as monolayer growth proceeds. The maximum chromophore coverage observed corresponds to ∼49 Å2/ molecule and χ(2) = 3 × 10-7 esu at λ = 1064 nm.
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