Design, Synthesis, and Conformational Dynamics of a Gated Molecular Basket
Citations Over TimeTop 10% of 2006 papers
Abstract
We have developed a synthesis and examined the conformational behavior and recognition properties of dynamic molecular containers 1-3. As follows from the 1H NMR dilution, diffusion NMR, and vapor pressure osmometry measurements, compound 1 has a low affinity for intermolecular aggregation and is mostly present in monomeric form in dilute chloroform solutions. Inspecting the O-H chemical shift resonances of 1, 3, and model compound 4 as a function of temperature afforded the deltadelta/deltaT coefficients of 17.0, 17.3, and 4.7 ppb K(-1), respectively. In combination with the results from variable temperature 1H NMR and IR measurements, the existence of conformers of 1 and 3 in equilibrium, each having a different extent of hydrogen bonding, was confirmed. Molecular mechanics calculations suggested 1a as the most favorable conformation, with three additional conformers, 1b, 1c, and 1d, populating local energy minima. Further optimization of each of the four conformers using semiempirical PM3 and ab initio (HF/6-31G) methods allowed a determination of their relative free energies and the corresponding Boltzmann population distributions which were heavily weighted toward 1a. A computed composite IR spectrum of a fraction-weighted mixture of the conformers of 1 reproduced the experimentally observed IR spectrum in its structural features, leading to a conclusion that conformer 1a indeed dominates the equilibrium. The egg-shaped cavity of 1 (136.6 angstroms3) is complementary in size, shape, and electrostatic potential to chloroform (74.9 angstroms3). A single-crystal X-ray study of 2 revealed a disordered chloroform molecule positioned inside the cavitand along its C3 axis.
Related Papers
- → Hydrogen-bonding interactions in acetic acid monohydrates and dihydrates by density-functional theory calculations(2005)38 cited
- → Infrared spectroscopic study of C7 intramolecular hydrogen bonds in peptides(1983)27 cited
- → Hydrogen bonding in diethyl 2-hydroxypropylphosphonate-an example of equilibrium between intramolecular and intermolecular bonding(2000)6 cited
- → Intermolecular Interactions in 8-Aza-D-Homogonane Crystals and their Manifestation in the IR Spectra(2004)
- → Effect of the orientation of the water molecules in the system of hydrogen bonds in the crystal hydrate of m-bromo-N?-(5-nitrofurylidene)benzohydrazide on its sensitivity to light(1990)