Free Energy Relationships in the Electrical Double Layer over Single-Layer Graphene
Citations Over TimeTop 12% of 2013 papers
Abstract
Fluid/solid interfaces containing single-layer graphene are important in the areas of chemistry, physics, biology, and materials science, yet this environment is difficult to access with experimental methods, especially under flow conditions and in a label-free manner. Herein, we demonstrate the use of second harmonic generation to quantify the interfacial free energy at the fused silica/single-layer graphene/water interface at pH 7 and under conditions of flowing aqueous electrolyte solutions ranging in NaCl concentrations from 10(-4) to 10(-1) M. Our analysis reveals that single-layer graphene reduces the interfacial free energy density of the fused silica/water interface by a factor of up to 7, which is substantial given that many interfacial processes, including those that are electrochemical in nature, are exponentially sensitive to interfacial free energy density.
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