Immunomodulatory Effects of Alginate Oligosaccharides on Murine Macrophage RAW264.7 Cells and Their Structure–Activity Relationships

Citations Over TimeTop 1% of 2014 papers

Abstract

This study evaluated the immunomodulatory activities, including regulation of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in RAW264.7 murine macrophages, of alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) and investigated their structure-activity relationships. Our results revealed that unsaturated guluronate oligosaccharide prepared by enzymatic degradation (GOS-ED) induced NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, dose and time dependently, and stimulated ROS and TNF-α production; however, other AOS prepared by different ways or polymers showed very low and even no such effects. Moreover, GOS-ED induced macrophage activation to release the above-mentioned mediators partly involved in nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. We also show that the structural characteristics of AOS, especially the unsaturated terminal structure, molecular size, and M/G ratio, play important roles in determining the macrophage-activating effects. GOS-ED could be applicable for agriculture, drug, and food industry as a potent immune-modulatory agent.

Related Papers

• → Cell signalling following plant/pathogen interactions involves the generation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species(2002)116 cited
• → Interactions between nitric oxide, oxygen, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species(2006)58 cited
• [Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species].(2011)
• → Sensing Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Using Selective Fluorescent Probes(2006)
• Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide in Interactions Between Plants and Pathogens(2009)