Inhibition of in Vitro and in Vivo HIV Replication by a Distamycin Analogue That Interferes with Chemokine Receptor Function: A Candidate for Chemotherapeutic and Microbicidal Application

Citations Over TimeTop 12% of 1998 papers

Abstract

Select chemokine receptors act as coreceptors for HIV-1 entry into human cells and represent targets for antiviral therapy. In this report we describe a distamycin analogue, 2,2'-[4, 4'-[[aminocarbonyl]amino]bis[N,4'-di[pryrrole-2-carboxamide- 1, 1'-dimethyl]]-6,8-naphthalenedisulfonic acid]hexasodium salt (NSC 651016), that selectively inhibited chemokine binding to CCR5, CCR3, CCR1, and CXCR4, but not to CXCR2 or CCR2b, and blocked chemokine-induced calcium flux. Inhibition was not due to nonspecific charge interactions at the cell surface, but was based on a specific competition for the ligand receptor interaction sites since the inhibitory effect was specific for some but not all chemoattractant receptors. NSC 651016 inhibited in vitro replication of a wide range of HIV-1 isolates, as well as HIV-2 and SIV, and exhibited in vivo anti-HIV-1 activity in a murine model. In contrast, a distamycin analogue with similar structure and charge and the monomeric form of NSC 651016 demonstrated no inhibitory effects. These data demonstrate that molecules which interfere with HIV-1 entry into cells by targeting specific chemokine coreceptors can provide a viable approach to anti-HIV-1 therapy. NSC 651016 represents an attractive candidate for the chemotherapeutic treatment of HIV-1 infection and as a microbicide to prevent the sexual transmisssion of HIV-1. Moreover, NSC 651016 can serve as a template for medicinal chemical modifications leading to more effective antivirals.

Related Papers

• → Simultaneous zinc-finger nuclease editing of the HIV coreceptors ccr5 and cxcr4 protects CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 infection(2013)160 cited
• → Constitutive association of cell surface CCR5 and CXCR4 in the presence of CD4(2004)28 cited
• CCR5 antagonists: a new tool in fighting HIV.(2005)
• → Determination of HIV-1 Co-receptor Usage(2013)1 cited
• Research Progress of HIV-1 Coreceptor-chemokine Receptor(2003)