High Performance Hydrogen Fuel Cells with Ultralow Pt Loading Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Catalysts
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Abstract
Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies with Pt loading of 0.2 mg Pt/cm2 at the anode and ultralow Pt loadings of 6 μg Pt/cm2 and 12 μg Pt/cm2 at the cathode have been fabricated using thin films of multiwalled carbon nanotube supported Pt catalysts (Pt/MWNTs) at the cathode. The Pt/MWNTs have a Pt weight loading of 26.8 wt % and a uniform and small Pt particle size of 2.1 nm. The MWNTs used are 360 μm long. This thin film cathode catalyst layer with a loading of 6 μg Pt/cm2 is about 1.3 μm thick, contains no ionomer, and exhibits surprisingly high performance in a hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The peak power density for a membrane electrode assembly with a cathode loading of 12 μg Pt/cm2 when tested at 70 °C with hydrogen and oxygen is 613 mW/cm2. A mass activity (ampere per milligram of Pt) based on the cathode Pt loading greater than 250 A/mg Pt is achieved with 6 μg Pt/cm2, and this is among the highest reported to date.
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