Nanostructured Nb2O5 Polymorphs by Electrospinning for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
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Abstract
Polymorphs of 1D nanostructures of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) are synthesized by electrospinning. Pseudohexagonal (H−Nb2O5), orthorhombic (O−Nb2O5), and monoclinic (M−Nb2O5) structures of Nb2O5 are developed in this study by appropriate heat treatment. Morphological, structural, and electrochemical properties of these nanofibrous polymorphs are studied in detail. The H− and O− phases maintain the usual fibrous morphology, whereas the M− phase adopted a distorted nugget structure. These phases are evaluated for their application as cathode for lithium batteries. The M−Nb2O5 exhibits the highest capacity and better capacity retention compared to the other phases. The M−Nb2O5 delivers a specific capacity of 242(±3) and 218(±3) mAhg−1, cycled at a current of 50 mAg−1 in the voltage range, 1.0−2.6 V versus Li/Li+ at the end of second and 25th cycle, respectively. The electrospun M−Nb2O5 nuggets-based battery performs better than its particle/nanofiber counterpart and could be a cathode material of choice for 2 V due to the commercial viability of the electrospinning process and characteristics of the batteries developed herewith.
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