Unraveling the Diffusion of Bulk Ti Interstitials in Rutile TiO2(110) by Monitoring Their Reaction with O Adatoms
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C2010Vol. 114(7), pp. 3059–3062
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Zhen Zhang, Junseok Lee, John T. Yates, Ralf Bechstein, Estephanía Lira, Jonas Ø. Hansen, Stefan Wendt, Flemming Besenbacher
Abstract
The diffusion of interstitial Ti3+ species (Tii3+) in rutile TiO2(110) from the bulk to the surface has been studied utilizing two experimental techniques. Electron-stimulated desorption of O+ ions was employed to kinetically monitor the reaction between oxygen adatoms with Tii3+ species at temperatures between 360 and 400 K. Scanning tunneling microscopy was also used to measure the Tii3+ diffusion rate. Both methods yield a rate constant kTii3+ = 5 × 10−4 s−1 at 393 K. The activation energy as measured by the rate dependence on temperature is ∼1.0 eV.
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