Neutral and Dianionic Ru(II) Bathophenanthrolinedisulfonate Complexes: A Route To Enhance Electrochemiluminescence Performance in Aqueous Media
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Abstract
We report the strong enhancement of ECL intensity and duration in neutral and dianionic Ru(II) complexes\nbearing mixed 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) and bathophenanthrolinedisulfonate (BPS) ligands. In aqueous conditions,\nusing the tripropylamine-assisted method and applying a constant potential, we observed for Ru(BPS)(bpy)2\na remarkable 26-fold ECL integrated intensity increase with respect to Ru(bpy)3\n2+. The results herein obtained\nreveal that the cause of reduced ECL intensity of [Ru(BPS)3]4- and [Ru(BPS)2(bpy)]2- can be ascribed to\nsurface effects related to the interaction of the oxidized complex with the electrode. The expected reduction\nor absence of electrostatic interactions with biomolecules, together with the strongly enhanced performance,\nmakes the zwitterionic Ru(BPS)(bpy)2 complex a highly promising candidate for the development of very\nefficient ECL labels for ultrasensitive bioassays and functional imaging applications.
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