Effect of Residual Dipolar Interactions on the NMR Relaxation in Cross-Linked Elastomers

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Abstract

For elastomer networks above the glass transition temperature Tg, a unified approach is presented to relate the residual dipolar couplings in various independent NMR experiments to the cross-link density. This is demonstrated on a series of cross-linked poly(styrene-co-butadiene) elastomers. The presence of dynamic physical and permanent chemical cross-links leads to a nonzero average of the homonuclear and heteronuclear dipolar couplings, which results in a solid-like NMR relaxation behavior. The residual dipolar couplings are expressed as a function of the effective number of statistical segments Ne between the physical and between the chemical cross-link points, using a simplified network model with Gaussian statistics. These effective numbers are extracted for each sample of the series from the 13C-edited transverse 1H magnetization relaxation of the CH group. It is shown that the respective Ne values can be used to scale the time domain of various NMR experiments such as (a) the free induction decay, (b) the 13C-edited 1H transverse magnetization relaxation, (c) the cross-polarization curves, and (d) the 1H magnetization exchange between the CH and CH2 groups. This proves the validity of the unified view on the dipolar interactions in elastomer networks and provides a way to estimate the cross-link density.

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