Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy and Imaging of the Vancomycin/d-Ala-d-Ala Interaction
Nano Letters2007Vol. 7(3), pp. 796–801
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Yann Gilbert, Marie Deghorain, Ling Wang, Bing Xu, Philipp D. Pollheimer, Hermann J. Gruber, Jeff Errington, Bernard Hallet, Xavier Haulot, Claire Verbelen, Pascal Hols, Yves F. Dufrêne
Abstract
The clinically important vancomycin antibiotic inhibits the growth of pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus by blocking cell wall synthesis through specific recognition of nascent peptidoglycan terminating in D-Ala-D-Ala. Here, we demonstrate the ability of single-molecule atomic force microscopy with antibiotic-modified tips to measure the specific binding forces of vancomycin and to map individual ligands on living bacteria. The single-molecule approach presented here provides new opportunities for understanding the binding mechanisms of antibiotics and for exploring the architecture of bacterial cell walls.
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