NIR-to-NIR Two-Photon Excited CaF2:Tm3+,Yb3+ Nanoparticles: Multifunctional Nanoprobes for Highly Penetrating Fluorescence Bio-Imaging
ACS Nano2011Vol. 5(11), pp. 8665–8671
Citations Over TimeTop 1% of 2011 papers
Ningning Dong, Marco Pedroni, Fabio Piccinelli, Giamaica Conti, Andrea Sbarbati, Juan Enrique Ramírez-Hernández, Laura Martínez Maestro, M. Carmen Iglesias‐de la Cruz, Francisco Sanz‐Rodríguez, Ángeles Juarranz, Feng Chen, Fiorenzo Vetrone, John A. Capobianco, J. Garcı́a Solé, Marco Bettinelli, Daniel Jaque, Adolfo Speghini
Abstract
In this study, we report on the remarkable two-photon excited fluorescence efficiency in the "biological window" of CaF(2):Tm(3+),Yb(3+) nanoparticles. On the basis of the strong Tm(3+) ion emission (at around 800 nm), tissue penetration depths as large as 2 mm have been demonstrated, which are more than 4 times those achievable based on the visible emissions in comparable CaF(2):Er(3+),Yb(3+) nanoparticles. The outstanding penetration depth, together with the fluorescence thermal sensitivity demonstrated here, makes CaF(2):Tm(3+),Yb(3+) nanoparticles ideal candidates as multifunctional nanoprobes for high contrast and highly penetrating in vivo fluorescence imaging applications.
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