Neuropilin-1-Targeted Gold Nanoparticles Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy of Platinum(IV) Drug for Prostate Cancer Treatment

Citations Over TimeTop 10% of 2014 papers

Abstract

Platinum-based anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin are some of the most potent chemotherapeutic agents but have limited applications due to severe dose-limiting side effects and a tendency for cancer cells to rapidly develop resistance. The therapeutic index can be improved through use of nanocarrier systems to target cancer cells efficiently. We developed a unique strategy to deliver a platinum(IV) drug to prostate cancer cells by constructing glutathione-stabilized (Au@GSH) gold nanoparticles. Glutathione (GSH) has well-known antioxidant properties, which lead to cancer regression. Here, we exploit the advantages of both the antioxidant properties and high surface-area-to-volume ratio of Au@GSH NPs to demonstrate their potential for delivery of a platinum(IV) drug by targeting the neuropilin-1 receptor (Nrp-1). A lethal dose of a platinum(IV) drug functionalized with the Nrp-1-targeting peptide (CRGDK) was delivered specifically to prostate cancer cells in vitro. Targeted peptide ensures specific binding to the Nrp-1 receptor, leading to enhanced cellular uptake level and cell toxicity. The nanocarriers were themselves nontoxic, but exhibited high cytotoxicity and increased efficacy when functionalized with the targeting peptide and drug. The uptake of drug-loaded nanocarriers is dependent on the interaction with Nrp-1 in cell lines expressing high (PC-3) and low (DU-145) levels of Nrp-1, as confirmed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and confocal microscopy. The nanocarriers have effective anticancer activity, through upregulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) protein (p50 and p65) expression and activation of NF-κB-DNA-binding activity. Our preliminary investigations with platinum(IV)-functionalized gold nanoparticles along with a targeting peptide hold significant promise for future cancer treatment.

Related Papers

• → Pentetration of carboplatin and cisplatin into rat peritoneal tumor nodules after intraperitoneal chemotherapy(1991)196 cited
• → Carboplatin-, Oxaliplatin-, and Cisplatin–specific IgE: Cross-reactivity and Value in the Diagnosis of Carboplatin and Oxaliplatin Allergy(2013)89 cited
• → Ototoxicity and Platinum Uptake Following Cyclic Administration of Platinum-Based Chemotherapeutic Agents(2020)45 cited
• In vitro cytotoxicity of cisplatin combined with carboplatin on osteosarcoma cell line OS-732(2004)
• → Inhibitory Effect of Metal Complexes Cisplatin and Carboplatin of Cervical Cancer Cells(2023)