Unmanned aerial vehicle measurements of volcanic carbon dioxide fluxes
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Abstract
We report the first measurements of volcanic gases with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The data were collected at La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Italy, during April 2007, with a helicopter UAV of 3 kg payload, carrying an ultraviolet spectrometer for remotely sensing the SO 2 flux (8.5 Mg d −1 ), and an infrared spectrometer, and electrochemical sensor assembly for measuring the plume CO 2 /SO 2 ratio; by multiplying these data we compute a CO 2 flux of 170 Mg d −1 . Given the deeper exsolution of carbon dioxide from magma, and its lower solubility in hydrothermal systems, relative to SO 2 , the ability to remotely measure CO 2 fluxes is significant, with promise to provide more profound geochemical insights, and earlier eruption forecasts, than possible with SO 2 fluxes alone: the most ubiquitous current source of remotely sensed volcanic gas data.
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