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Unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome

Nature Communications2016Vol. 7(1), pp. 10165–10165

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Joshua B. Benoit, Zach N. Adelman, Klaus Reinhardt, Amanda Dolan, Monica F. Poelchau, Emily C. Jennings, Elise M. Szuter, Richard Hagan, Hemant Gujar, Jayendra Nath Shukla, Fang Zhu, M. Mohan, David R. Nelson, Andrew J. Rosendale, Christian Derst, Valentina Resnik, Sebastian Wernig, Pamela Menegazzi, Christian Wegener, Nicolai Peschel, Jacob M. Hendershot, Wolfgang Blenau, Reinhard Predel, Paul R. Johnston, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Robert M. Waterhouse, Ralf Nauen, Corinna Schorn, Mark‐Christoph Ott, Frank Maiwald, J. Spencer Johnston, Ameya D. Gondhalekar, Michael E. Scharf, Brittany F. Peterson, Kapil R. Raje, Benjamin A. Hottel, David Armisén, Antonin Crumière, Peter Refki, M. Emília Santos, Essia Sghaier, Séverine Viala, Abderrahman Khila, Seung‐Joon Ahn, Christopher Childers, Chien‐Yueh Lee, Han Lin, Daniel Hughes, Elizabeth J. Duncan, Shwetha C. Murali, Jiaxin Qu, Shannon Dugan, Sandra L. Lee, Hsu Chao, Huyen Dinh, Yi Han, HarshaVardhan Doddapaneni, Kim C. Worley, Donna M. Muzny, David A. Wheeler, Kristen A. Panfilio, Iris M. Vargas Jentzsch, Edward L. Vargo, Warren Booth, Markus Friedrich, Matthew T. Weirauch, Michelle A. E. Anderson, Jeffery W. Jones, Omprakash Mittapalli, Chaoyang Zhao, Jing‐Jiang Zhou, Jay D. Evans, Geoffrey M. Attardo, Hugh M. Robertson, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, José M. C. Ribeiro, Richard A. Gibbs, John H. Werren, Subba Reddy Palli, Coby Schal, Stephen Richards

Abstract

The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. This global resurgence is likely linked to increased international travel and commerce in addition to widespread insecticide resistance. Analyses of the C. lectularius sequenced genome (650 Mb) and 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes provide a comprehensive representation of genes that are linked to traumatic insemination, a reduced chemosensory repertoire of genes related to obligate hematophagy, host-symbiont interactions, and several mechanisms of insecticide resistance. In addition, we document the presence of multiple putative lateral gene transfer events. Genome sequencing and annotation establish a solid foundation for future research on mechanisms of insecticide resistance, human-bed bug and symbiont-bed bug associations, and unique features of bed bug biology that contribute to the unprecedented success of C. lectularius as a human ectoparasite.

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Abstract

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