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The Brassica oleracea genome reveals the asymmetrical evolution of polyploid genomes

Nature Communications2014Vol. 5(1), pp. 3930–3930

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Shengyi Liu, Yumei Liu, Xinhua Yang, Chaobo Tong, David Edwards, Isobel A. P. Parkin, Meixia Zhao, Jianxin Ma, Jingyin Yu, Shunmou Huang, Xiyin Wang, Junyi Wang, Kun Lu, Zhiyuan Fang, Ian Bancroft, Tae‐Jin Yang, Qiong Hu, Xinfa Wang, Zhen Yue, Haojie Li, Linfeng Yang, Jian Wu, Qing Zhou, Wanxin Wang, Graham J.W. King, J. Chris Pires, Changxin Lu, Zhangyan Wu, Sampath Perumal, Zhuo Wang, Hui Guo, Shengkai Pan, Limei Yang, Jiumeng Min, Dong Zhang, Dianchuan Jin, Wanshun Li, Harry Belcram, Jinxing Tu, Mei Guan, QI Cun-kou, Dezhi Du, Jiana Li, Liangcai Jiang, Jacqueline Batley, Andrew Sharpe, Beom‐Seok Park, Pradeep Ruperao, Feng Cheng, Nomar Espinosa Waminal, Yin Huang, Caihua Dong, Li Wang, Jingping Li, Zhiyong Hu, Mu Zhuang, Yi Huang, Junyan Huang, Jiaqin Shi, Desheng Mei, Jing Liu, Tae‐Ho Lee, Jinpeng Wang, Huizhe Jin, Zaiyun Li, Xun Li, Jiefu Zhang, Lu Xiao, Yongming Zhou, Zhongsong Liu, Xuequn Liu, Rui Qin, Xu Tang, Wenbin Liu, Yupeng Wang, Yangyong Zhang, Jonghoon Lee, Hyun Hee Kim, France Denœud, Xun Xu, Xinming Liang, Wei Hua, Xiaowu Wang, Jun Wang, Boulos Chalhoub, Andrew H. Paterson

Abstract

Polyploidization has provided much genetic variation for plant adaptive evolution, but the mechanisms by which the molecular evolution of polyploid genomes establishes genetic architecture underlying species differentiation are unclear. Brassica is an ideal model to increase knowledge of polyploid evolution. Here we describe a draft genome sequence of Brassica oleracea, comparing it with that of its sister species B. rapa to reveal numerous chromosome rearrangements and asymmetrical gene loss in duplicated genomic blocks, asymmetrical amplification of transposable elements, differential gene co-retention for specific pathways and variation in gene expression, including alternative splicing, among a large number of paralogous and orthologous genes. Genes related to the production of anticancer phytochemicals and morphological variations illustrate consequences of genome duplication and gene divergence, imparting biochemical and morphological variation to B. oleracea. This study provides insights into Brassica genome evolution and will underpin research into the many important crops in this genus.

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Abstract

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