Ferritin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid predict Alzheimer’s disease outcomes and are regulated by APOE
Nature Communications2015Vol. 6(1), pp. 6760–6760
Citations Over TimeTop 1% of 2015 papers
Scott Ayton, Noel G. Faux, Ashley I. Bush, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Michael W. Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald C. Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John C. Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Zaven S. Khachaturian, Greg Sorensen, Lew Kuller, Marc Raichle, Steven M. Paul, Peter J. Davies, Howard Fillit, Franz Hefti, Davie Holtzman, Marek-Marsel Mesulam, William Z. Potter, Peter J. Snyder, Adam J. Schwartz, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Gus Jiminez, Danielle Harvey, Matt A. Bernstein, Nick C. Fox, Paul M. Thompson, Norbert Schuff, Bret Borowski, Jeff Gunter, Matthew L. Senjem, Prashanthi Vemuri, David Jones, Kejal Kantarci, Chad Ward, Robert A. Koeppe, Norm Foster, Eric M. Reiman, Kewei Chen, Chester A. Mathis, Susan Landau, Nigel J. 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Smith, Norman Relkin, Gloria Chaing, Lisa Raudin, Amanda Smith, Kristin Fargher, Balebail Ashok Raj, Thomas C. Neylan, Jordan Grafman, Melissa Davis, Rosemary Morrison, Jacqueline Hayes, Shannon Finley, Karl E. Friedl, Debra Fleischman, Konstantinos Arfanakis, Olga James, Dino Massoglia, J. Jay Fruehling, Sandra Harding, Elaine R. Peskind, Eric C. Petrie, Gail Li, Jerome A. Yesavage, Joy L. Taylor, Ansgar J. Furst
Abstract
Brain iron elevation is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, but the impact of iron on disease outcomes has not been previously explored in a longitudinal study. Ferritin is the major iron storage protein of the body; by using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of ferritin as an index, we explored whether brain iron status impacts longitudinal outcomes in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. We show that baseline CSF ferritin levels were negatively associated with cognitive performance over 7 years in 91 cognitively normal, 144 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 67 AD subjects, and predicted MCI conversion to AD. Ferritin was strongly associated with CSF apolipoprotein E levels and was elevated by the Alzheimer's risk allele, APOE-ɛ4. These findings reveal that elevated brain iron adversely impacts on AD progression, and introduce brain iron elevation as a possible mechanism for APOE-ɛ4 being the major genetic risk factor for AD.
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