Association of the Leu 127 variant of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene with increased yield of milk, fat, and protein in Australian Holstein-Friesians

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Abstract

The occurrence of the Leu 127/ Val 127 variants of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene and their effect on milk production traits was investigated in Australian Holstein-Friesian cattle. Animals were genotyped for the Leu 127/ Val 127 variants, with RFLP methodology, using PCR and Alu I digestion of PCR products ( Alu I-RFLP). Alleles Leu 127 and Val 127 occurred with frequencies of 82% and 18%, respectively. The quantitative effect of this polymorphic site on milk-production traits was estimated from lactation data and test-day data. Results from the 2 data sets consistently showed that the Leu 127 allele is associated with higher production of milk, fat, and protein and is dominant to Val 127. The average effects of the gene substitution are 95 L for milk yield, 7 kg for fat yield, and 3 kg for protein yield per lactation. This locus may be directly responsible for quantitative variation or it may be a marker for a closely linked quantitative trait locus (QTL) for milk-production traits in Australian dairy cattle. In either case, it will be useful as an aid to selection for improvement of milk production traits. As the Leu 127 allele is dominant, selection of AI sires homozygous for the Leu 127 allele ( Leu 127/ Leu 127) will result in maximum benefit without the need for genotyping cows.

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