The Radial Distribution of Galaxies in Λ Cold Dark Matter Clusters

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Abstract

We study the radial distribution of subhalos and galaxies using high-resolution cosmological simulations of galaxy clusters formed in the concordance LCDM cosmology. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the radial distribution of subhalos is significantly less concentrated than that of the dark matter, when subhalos are selected using their present-day gravitationally bound mass. We show that the difference in the radial distribution is not a numerical artifact and is due to tidal stripping. The subhalos in the cluster core lose more than 70% of their initial mass since accretion, while the average tidal mass loss for halos near the virial radius is ~30%. This introduces a radial bias in the spatial distribution of subhalos when they are selected using their tidally truncated mass. We demonstrate that the radial bias disappears almost entirely if subhalos are selected using their mass or circular velocity at the accretion epoch. The comparisons of the results of dissipationless simulations to the observed distribution of galaxies in clusters are therefore sensitive to the selection criteria used to select subhalo samples. Using the simulations that include cooling and starformation, we show that the radial distribution of subhalos is in reasonable agreement with the observed radial distribution of galaxies in clusters for 0.1<R/R200<2.0, if subhalos are selected using the stellar mass of galaxies. The radial bias is minimized in this case because the stars are located in the centers of dark matter subhalos and are tightly bound. The stellar mass of an object is therefore approximately conserved as the dark matter is stripped from the outer regions. Nevertheless, the concentration of the radial distribution of galaxies is systematically lower than that of the dark matter.

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