The Decline of Pneumococcal Resistance after Cessation of Mass Antibiotic Distributions for Trachoma
Clinical Infectious Diseases2010Vol. 51(5), pp. 571–574
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Sara J. Haug, Takele Lakew, Gabremaskal Habtemariam, Wondu Alemayehu, Vicky Cevallos, Zhaoxia Zhou, Jenafir House, Kathryn J. Ray, Travis C. Porco, Tina Rutar, Jeremy D. Keenan, Thomas M. Lietman, Bruce D. Gaynor
Abstract
After 6 biannual mass distributions of oral azithromycin for trachoma in Ethiopian communities, 76.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.3%-85.1%) of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children aged 1-5 years were resistant to macrolides. Twelve and 24 months after the last azithromycin treatment, resistance decreased to 30.6% (95% CI, 18.8%-40.4%; P <.001 ) and 20.8% (95% CI, 12.7%-30.7%; P < .001), respectively. Macrolide resistance decreases after antibiotic pressure is removed.
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