Radio Galaxy Zoo: using semi-supervised learning to leverage large unlabelled data sets for radio galaxy classification under data set shift

Citations Over Time

Abstract

ABSTRACT In this work, we examine the classification accuracy and robustness of a state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithm applied to the morphological classification of radio galaxies. We test if SSL with fewer labels can achieve test accuracies comparable to the supervised state of the art and whether this holds when incorporating previously unseen data. We find that for the radio galaxy classification problem considered, SSL provides additional regularization and outperforms the baseline test accuracy. However, in contrast to model performance metrics reported on computer science benchmarking data sets, we find that improvement is limited to a narrow range of label volumes, with performance falling off rapidly at low label volumes. Additionally, we show that SSL does not improve model calibration, regardless of whether classification is improved. Moreover, we find that when different underlying catalogues drawn from the same radio survey are used to provide the labelled and unlabelled data sets required for SSL, a significant drop in classification performance is observed, highlighting the difficulty of applying SSL techniques under data set shift. We show that a class-imbalanced unlabelled data pool negatively affects performance through prior probability shift, which we suggest may explain this performance drop, and that using the Fréchet distance between labelled and unlabelled data sets as a measure of data set shift can provide a prediction of model performance, but that for typical radio galaxy data sets with labelled sample volumes of $\mathcal {O}(10^3)$, the sample variance associated with this technique is high and the technique is in general not sufficiently robust to replace a train–test cycle.

Related Papers

• → An Optimized Cost-Sensitive SVM for Imbalanced Data Learning(2013)152 cited
• → Multi-organ Localization Combining Global-to-Local Regression and Confidence Maps(2014)20 cited
• → Breast Cancer Identification Based on Thermal Analysis and a Clustering and Selection Classification Ensemble(2013)14 cited
• → Robust angry speech detection employing a TEO-based discriminative classifier combination(2009)3 cited
• → Fingerprint Identification Based on Semi-supervised FSS(2012)1 cited