AIR POLLUTION AND BIRTH DEFECTS IN SUMGAYIT

Abstract

ISEE-97 Abstract: Since the main industrial enterprises do not operate, the environmental situation in Sumgayit does not improved and decrease of industrial pollution is accompanied by simultaneous increase of traffic intensity. The data was collected from the Statistical Department, Sumgayit Health Department, Transport Department and Sumgayit Ecological Committee. Air monitoring was conducted three times and 6 air pollutants were measured: nitric oxides, carbon oxides, sulfur dioxide, dust, phenol, formaldehyde. Birth defects resulting from urban environmental factors are clearly evident when evaluating children’s health in Sumgayit. Environmental pollution constitutes an increased danger for an increase in birth defects. Mutagenic environmental pollution leads to the birth of children with congenital defects of their organs and systems. The determinant role (to 70 per cent) in the genesis of congenital defects is the connection between genetic factors and the negative impact of the urban environmental pollution. In 1998 the proportion of abnormal development cases among causes of prenatal death was 51 per cent, of which 28 per cent constituted anencephaly, 56 per cent involved central nervous system defects, while other development defects amounted to 16 per cent. In the child death rate profile, the high index of prenatal causes shows direct connection with the environment. Three per cent of newborn infants were delivered with conditions of abnormal development, 6 per cent had anencephaly, 22 per cent had nervous system faults, 14.6 per cent had congenital heart disease, 10 per cent mongolism, 16.7 per cent had other developmental conditions. Over 1998-2000 years 170 children were born with different anomalies, for every 4-5 births one is complicated. Conclusion: 1. At present traffic and heating are the main sources of air pollution in Sumgayit. 2. Poor quality of fuels and gasoline impact air quality. 3. Harmful industrial factors and environmental pollution in Sumgayit have been affecting reproductive and child health for years.

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