MDM4 is an essential disease driver targeted by 1q gain in Burkitt lymphoma

Abstract

Abstract Oncogenic MYC activation promotes cellular proliferation in Burkitt lymphoma (BL), but also induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis mediated by TP53 , a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in 40% of BL cases. To identify therapeutic targets in BL, we investigated molecular dependencies in BL cell lines using RNAi-based, loss-of-function screening. By integrating genotypic and RNAi data, we identified a number of genotype-specific dependencies including the dependence of TCF3/ID3 mutant cell lines on TCF3 and of MYD88 mutant cell lines on TLR signaling. TP53 wild-type (TP53wt) BL were dependent on MDM4, a negative regulator of TP53. In BL cell lines, MDM4 knockdown induced cell cycle arrest and decreased tumor growth in a xenograft model in a p53-dependent manner, while small molecule inhibition of the MDM4-p53 interaction restored p53 activity resulting in cell cycle arrest. Consistent with the pathogenic effect of MDM4 upregulation in BL, we found that TP53wt BL samples were enriched for gain of chromosome 1q which includes the MDM4 locus. 1q gain was also enriched across non-BL cancer cell lines (n=789) without TP53 mutation (23% in TP53wt and 12% in TP53mut, p<0.001). In a set of 216 cell lines representing 19 cancer entities from the Achilles project, MDM4 was the strongest genetic dependency in TP53wt cell lines (p<0.001). Our findings show that in TP53wt BL, MDM4-mediated inhibition of p53 is a mechanism to evade cell cycle arrest. The data highlight the critical role of p53 as a tumor suppressor in BL, and identifies MDM4 as a key functional target of 1q gain in a wide range of cancers, which is therapeutically targetable.