On the Automatic Registration ofα-Particles,β-particles andγ-Ray and X-Ray Pulses

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Abstract

Synopsis. A device is described which makes it possible for $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particles, $\ensuremath{\beta}$-particles and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray and X-rays pulses to make records automatically on chronograph paper, which records can be conveniently and accurately studied at leisure. Historically, the method developed from Rutherford's method of counting $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particles and the last previously described development was by the writer in which he used a telephone receiver whose diaphragm was actuated by the current to a needle electrode, after amplification by means of a 3-electrode vacuum tube. In the present method the amplified current actuates a sensitive relay which in turn operates the chronograph pen by means of a local circuit. The accuracy of the records was checked up for the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particles by the scintillation method of counting and for the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-particles by determining the charge carried by the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-particles. Records of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays and X-rays are similar to those of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$- and $\ensuremath{\beta}$-particles and some arguments are given supporting the idea that the records represent individual pulses or short trains of pulses. A record of $\ensuremath{\beta}$-particles taken over a 7-hour period was studied and conclusion deduced that the variations in the number of $\ensuremath{\beta}$-particles emitted in a given time interval follow the probability law.

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