Spontaneous Magnetization in Idealized Ferromagnets
Physical Review1966Vol. 152(1), pp. 240–246
Citations Over TimeTop 10% of 1966 papers
Abstract
An attempt is made to clarify the concept of "spontaneous magnetization" in idealized ferromagnets such as the Ising and Heisenberg models. Some definitions in common use are discussed; their equivalence is not obvious. It is shown that a value based upon the probability distribution of the total magnetization cannot exceed the spontaneous magnetization based on bulk thermodynamic properties when the magnetization and exchange operators commute. A convexity argument shows that a definition of spontaneous magnetization based on minima in the (bulk) free energy is not applicable to systems with short-range interactions. Reference is made to difficulties arising when magnetization and exchange operators do not commute.
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