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Cosmogenic production of Ar37 in the context of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.2022Vol. 105(8)

Citations Over TimeTop 10% of 2022 papers

J. Aalbers, D. S. Akerib, A. K. Al Musalhi, F. Alder, S. K. Alsum, C. S. Amarasinghe, A. Ames, Tyler Anderson, N. Angelides, H. M. Araújo, J. E. Armstrong, M. Arthurs, X. Bai, Alexander A. Baker, J. Balajthy, S. Balashov, J. Bang, J. W. Bargemann, D. Bauer, A. Baxter, K. Beattie, E. P. Bernard, A. Bhatti, A. Biekert, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. J. Birch, G. M. Blockinger, E. Bodnia, B. Boxer, C. A. J. Brew, P. Brás, S. Burdin, J. K. Busenitz, M. Buuck, R. Cabrita, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Cascella, C. Chan, A. Chawla, H. Chen, N. I. Chott, A. Cole, M. V. Converse, A. Cottle, G. A. Cox, Oisín Creaner, J. E. Cutter, C. E. Dahl, A. David, L. de Viveiros, J. E. Y. Dobson, E. Druszkiewicz, S. R. Eriksen, A. Fan, Simon Fayer, N. M. Fearon, S. Fiorucci, H. Flaecher, E. D. Fraser, T. Fruth, R. J. Gaitskell, J. Genovesi, C. Ghag, E. F. Gibson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Gokhale, M. G. D. van der Grinten, C. B. Gwilliam, C. Hall, S. J. Haselschwardt, S. A. Hertel, M. Horn, D. Q. Huang, D. Hunt, C. M. Ignarra, O. Jahangir, R. S. James, W. Ji, J. Johnson, A. C. Kaboth, A. C. Kamaha, K. Kamdin, D. Khaitan, A. Khazov, I. Khurana, D. Kodroff, L. Korley, E. V. Korolkova, H. Kraus, S. Kravitz, L. Kreczko, V. A. Kudryavtsev, E. Leason, D. S. Leonard, K. T. Lesko, C. Levy, J. Lee, J. Lin, A. Lindote, R. Linehan, W. H. Lippincott, X. Liu, I. Lopes, E. López Asamar, B. Lopez-Paredes, W. Lorenzon, S. Luitz, P. A. Majewski, A. Manalaysay, L. Manenti, R. L. Mannino, N. Marangou, M. E. McCarthy, D. N. McKinsey, J. Lin, E. H. Miller, E. Mizrachi, A. Monte, M. E. Monzani, J. A. Morad, J. D. Morales Mendoza, E. Morrison, B. J. Mount, A. St. J. Murphy, D. Naim, A. Naylor, C. Nedlik, H. N. Nelson, F. Neves, J. A. Nikoleyczik, A. Nilima, I. Olcina, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, S. K. Pal, K. J. Palladino, J. D. Palmer, N. Parveen, S. Patton, E. K. Pease, B. Penning, G. Pereira, E. Perry, J. Pershing, A. Piepke, D. Porzio, Y. Qie, J. Reichenbacher, C. A. Rhyne, A. Richards, Q. Riffard, G. R. C. Rischbieter, R. Rosero, P. Rossiter, T. Rushton, D. Santone, A. B. M. R. Sazzad, R. W. Schnee, P. R. Scovell, S. Shaw, T. Shutt, J. J. Silk, C. Silva, G. Sinev, R. Smith, M. Solmaz, V. N. Solovov, P. Sorensen, J. Soria, I. Stancu, A. Stevens, K. Stifter, B. Suerfu, T. J. Sumner, N. Swanson, M. Szydagis, W. C. Taylor, R. Taylor, Dylan Temples, P. A. Terman, D. R. Tiedt, M. Timalsina, W. To, Z. Tong, D. R. Tovey, M. Trask, M. Tripathi, D. R. Tronstad, W. Turner, U. Utku, Audrius Vaitkus, B. Wang, Y. Wang, J. J. Wang, W. Wang, J. R. Watson, R. C. Webb, R. G. White, T. J. Whitis, M. Williams, F. L. H. Wolfs, S. Woodford, D. Woodward, Chris J. Wright, Q. Xia, X. Xiang, Jin-Long Xu, M. Yeh

Abstract

We estimate the amount of $^{37}\mathrm{Ar}$ produced in natural xenon via cosmic-ray-induced spallation, an inevitable consequence of the transportation and storage of xenon on the Earth's surface. We then calculate the resulting $^{37}\mathrm{Ar}$ concentration in a 10-tonne payload (similar to that of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment) assuming a representative schedule of xenon purification, storage, and delivery to the underground facility. Using the spallation model by Silberberg and Tsao, the sea-level production rate of $^{37}\mathrm{Ar}$ in natural xenon is estimated to be $0.024\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{atoms}/\mathrm{kg}/\mathrm{day}$. Assuming the xenon is successively purified to remove radioactive contaminants in 1-tonne batches at a rate of $1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{tonne}/\mathrm{month}$, the average $^{37}\mathrm{Ar}$ activity after 10 tons are purified and transported underground is $0.058\ensuremath{-}0.090\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{Bq}/\mathrm{kg}$, depending on the degree of argon removal during above-ground purification. Such cosmogenic $^{37}\mathrm{Ar}$ will appear as a noticeable background in the early science data, while decaying with a 35-day half-life. This newly noticed production mechanism of $^{37}\mathrm{Ar}$ should be considered when planning for future liquid-xenon-based experiments.

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