Limit on possible energy-dependent velocities for massless particles
Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields1990Vol. 41(2), pp. 692–694
T. J. Haines, D. E. Alexandreas, R. C. Allen, S. Biller, D. Berley, R. L. Burman, D. R. Cady, C.Y. Chang, B. L. Dingus, G. M. Dion, R. W. Ellsworth, J. A. Goodman, C. M. Hoffman, J. Lloyd‐Evans, D. E. Nagle, M. Potter, V. D. Sandberg, C.A. Wilkinson, G. B. Yodh
Abstract
A basic tenet of special relativity is that all massless particles travel at a constant, energy-independent velocity. Astrophysical data, including observation of the Crab pulsar at \ensuremath{\sim}100 MeV and the recent detection of the pulsar in Hercules X-1 at energies \ensuremath{\ge} 100 TeV, are used to place new experimental constraints on energy-dependent deviations from constant velocity for massless particles. Previous experiments reached energies \ensuremath{\sim}10 GeV; this analysis improves the previous constraints by 7 orders of magnitude.
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