Inelastic Electron-Proton Scattering at Large Momentum Transfers and the Inelastic Structure Functions of the Proton
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Abstract
Differential cross sections for electrons scattered inelastically from hydrogen have been measured at 18\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 26\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and 34\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The range of incident energy was 4.5 to 18 GeV, and the range of four-momentum transfer squared was 1.5 to 21 ${(\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c})}^{2}$. With the use of these data in conjunction with previously measured data at 6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, the contributions from the longitudinal and transverse components of the exchanged photon have been separately determined. The values of the ratio of the photoabsorption cross sections $\frac{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{S}}{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}}$ are found to lie in the range 0 to 0.5. The question of scaling of $2{M}_{p}{W}_{1}$ and $\ensuremath{\nu}{W}_{2}$ as a function of $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is discussed, and scaling is verified for a large kinematic range. Also, a new scaling variable which reduces to $\ensuremath{\omega}$ in the Bjorken limit is introduced which extends the scaling region. The behavior of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{S}$ is also discussed as a function of $\ensuremath{\nu}$ and ${q}^{2}$. Various weighted sum rules of $\ensuremath{\nu}{W}_{2}$ are evaluated.