Polyakov loop, diquarks, and the two-flavor phase diagram

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Abstract

An updated version of the PNJL model is used to study the thermodynamics of ${N}_{f}=2$ quark flavors interacting through chiral four-point couplings and propagating in a homogeneous Polyakov loop background. Previous PNJL calculations are extended by introducing explicit diquark degrees of freedom and an improved effective potential for the Polyakov loop field. The mean field equations are treated under the aspect of accommodating group theoretical constraints and issues arising from the fermion sign problem. The input is fixed exclusively by selected pure-gauge lattice QCD results and by pion properties in vacuum. The resulting $(T,\ensuremath{\mu})$ phase diagram is studied with special emphasis on the critical point, its dependence on the quark mass and on Polyakov loop dynamics. We present successful comparisons with lattice QCD thermodynamics expanded to finite chemical potential $\ensuremath{\mu}$.

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