Measurement of cosmic-ray muons and muon-induced neutrons in the Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory

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Abstract

We have measured the muon flux and production rate of muon-induced neutrons at a depth of 611 m water equivalent. Our apparatus comprises three layers of crossed plastic scintillator hodoscopes for tracking the incident cosmic-ray muons and 760 L of a gadolinium-doped liquid scintillator for producing and detecting neutrons. The vertical muon intensity was measured to be ${I}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}=(5.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }{\mathrm{sr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The yield of muon-induced neutrons in the liquid scintillator was determined to be ${Y}_{n}=(1.19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08(\text{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.21(\text{syst}))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{neutrons}/(\ensuremath{\mu}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{g}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2})$. A fit to the recently measured neutron yields at different depths gave a mean muon energy dependence of ${⟨{E}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}⟩}^{0.76\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03}$ for liquid-scintillator targets.

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