RK and RK* beyond the standard model

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Abstract

Measurements of the ratio of $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\mu}$ to $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}ee$ branching fractions, ${R}_{{K}^{*}}$, by the LHCb Collaboration strengthen the hints from previous studies with pseudoscalar kaons, ${R}_{K}$, for the breakdown of lepton universality, and therefore the Standard Model (SM), to $\ensuremath{\sim}3.5\ensuremath{\sigma}$. Complementarity between ${R}_{K}$ and ${R}_{{K}^{*}}$ allows us to pin down the Dirac structure of the new contributions to be predominantly SM-like chiral, with possible admixture of chirality-flipped contributions of up to $\mathcal{O}(\mathrm{few}10%)$. Scalar and vector leptoquark representations $({S}_{3},{V}_{1},{V}_{3})$ plus possible (${\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{S}}_{2},{V}_{2}$) admixture can explain ${R}_{K,{K}^{*}}$ via tree-level exchange. Flavor models naturally predict leptoquark masses not exceeding a few TeV, with couplings to third-generation quarks at $O(0.1)$, implying that this scenario can be directly tested at the LHC.

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