Observation of Aharonov-Bohm Effect by Electron Holography
Physical Review Letters1982Vol. 48(21), pp. 1443–1446
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Akira Tonomura, Tsuyoshi Matsuda, Ryō Suzuki, Akira Fukuhara, Nobuyuki Osakabe, H. Umezaki, Junji Endo, Kohsei Shinagawa, Yutaka Sugita, Hideo Fujiwara
Abstract
In this experiment, an electron- and optical-holographic technique is employed with small toroidal ferromagnets each forming a magnetic-flux closure. The holographic interferometry proves that a phase difference between two electron beams having passed through the field-free regions agrees well with the fundamental relation known as the Aharonov-Bohm effect. It is also confirmed from the same hologram that flux leakage from the toroids does not affect the conclusion.