Design, fabrication, and performance of infrared and visible vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics1997Vol. 33(10), pp. 1810–1824
Citations Over TimeTop 1% of 1997 papers
Abstract
This paper discusses the issues involving the design and fabrication of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). A review of the basic experimental structures is given, with emphasis on recent developments in distributed Bragg reflectors, gain media, as well as current and optical confinement techniques. The paper describes present VCSEL performance, in particular, those involving selective oxidation and visible wavelength operation.
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