Nonlinear Modeling of the Dynamic Effects of Arterial Pressure and<tex>$rm CO_2$</tex>Variations on Cerebral Blood Flow in Healthy Humans
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Abstract
The effect of spontaneous beat-to-beat mean arterial blood pressure fluctuations and breath-to-breath end-tidal CO2 fluctuations on beat-to-beat cerebral blood flow velocity variations is studied using the Laguerre-Volterra network methodology for multiple-input nonlinear systems. The observations made from experimental measurements from ten healthy human subjects reveal that, whereas pressure fluctuations explain most of the high-frequency blood flow velocity variations (above 0.04 Hz), end-tidal CO2 fluctuations as well as nonlinear interactions between pressure and CO2 have a considerable effect in the lower frequencies (below 0.04 Hz). They also indicate that cerebral autoregulation is strongly nonlinear and dynamic (frequency-dependent). Nonlinearities are mainly active in the low-frequency range (below 0.04 Hz) and are more prominent in the dynamics of the end-tidal CO2-blood flow velocity relationship. Significant nonstationarities are also revealed by the obtained models, with greater variability evident for the effects of CO2 on blood flow velocity dynamics.
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