Bidirectional effects between loneliness, smoking and alcohol use: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study
Addiction2020Vol. 116(2), pp. 400–406
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Robyn E. Wootton, Harriet Greenstone, Abdel Abdellaoui, Damiaan Denys, Karin J. H. Verweij, Marcus R. Munafò, Jorien L. Treur
Abstract
There appears to be tentative evidence for causal, bidirectional, increasing effects between loneliness and cigarette smoking, especially for smoking initiation increasing loneliness.
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