Regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction by estrogens and estrogen receptors in Alzheimer's disease: A focused review

Citations Over TimeTop 10% of 2024 papers

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily manifests itself by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, thus significantly affecting memory functions and quality of life. In this review, we proceed from the understanding that the canonical amyloid-β hypothesis, while significant, has faced setbacks, highlighting the need to adopt a broader perspective considering the intricate interplay of diverse pathological pathways for effective AD treatments. Sex differences in AD offer valuable insights into a better understanding of its pathophysiology. Fluctuation of the levels of ovarian sex hormones during perimenopause is associated with changes in glucose metabolism, as a possible window of opportunity to further understand the roles of sex steroid hormones and their associated receptors in the pathophysiology of AD. We review these dimensions, emphasizing the potential of estrogen receptors (ERs) to reveal mitochondrial functions in the search for further research and therapeutic strategies for AD pharmacotherapy. Understanding and addressing the intricate interactions of mitochondrial dysfunction and ERs potentially pave the way for more effective approaches to AD therapy.

Related Papers

• → Estrogen Up-regulates ATBF1 Transcription but Causes Its Protein Degradation in Estrogen Receptor-α-positive Breast Cancer Cells(2011)30 cited
• → Estrogen-induced downregulation of TASK-1 expression through estrogen receptor β in N2A cells(2021)1 cited
• → Estrogen and estrogen receptors of breast cancer(1975)3 cited
• Expression profiling of genes controlled by estradiol (E2) and/or nuclear estrogen receptors ER α and ER β(2009)
• Effects of estrogen on estrogen receptors in myocardium of ovariectomized female rats(2008)