The effect of water hardness on atopic eczema, skin barrier function: A systematic review, meta‐analysis
Clinical & Experimental Allergy2020Vol. 51(3), pp. 430–451
Citations Over TimeTop 10% of 2020 papers
Zarif K. Jabbar‐Lopez, Chuin Ying Ung, Helen Alexander, Nikeeta Gurung, Joanne R Chalmers, Simon G. Danby, Michael J. Cork, Janet L. Peacock, Carsten Flohr
Abstract
There was a positive association between living in a hard water (range: 76 to > 350 mg/L CaCO3 ) area and AE in children. There is no evidence that domestic water softeners improve objective disease severity in established AE. There may be a role of water hardness in the initiation of skin inflammation in early life, but there is a need for further longitudinal and interventional studies.
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